For the Pitjantjatjara people living in the desert, knowledge of their water sources was critical to their survival. This resulted

in an intimate understanding of the landscape which continues today. Water is an essential element in the desert. These

rock holes were particularly important during the dry season when most of the water holes and creeks dried up. Deep

familiarity with the topography of their country and the way rain would interact with the land ensured constant sources of

water could be found. Knowledge of rock hole sites is passed on from generation to generation and revered by all Anangu

(people).

Tjukula means rock-holes, which are found with surprising frequency in the Musgrave Ranges and country around

Ernabella. Between visits, Anangu would use a construction of rocks and spinifex to guard these important water sources

from spoilage by feral and stock animals such as cattle, camels, horses and donkeys.