Carlene’s depiction of mamu has been told to her by her grandfather and grandmother. These mamu are the spirits of the

ancestors who appear in the bush at night time.

A mamu is a spirit which lives near waterholes. Mamu are usually depicted as bad spirits or monsters in traditional

Pitjantjatjara stories, particularly those told to children by adults in order to scare them and thereby keep them close by and

safe.

Mamu can be dangerous especially for children, they are shape shifters and can appear like animals. Carlene’s mamu have

scales, big fluffy ears, claws and a smile. When startled they make a growling sound like a nocturnal gecko called

papangaurpa.